Understanding Matthew 5:21
Matthew 5:21 states:
"You have heard that it was said of old, 'You shall not murder, and whoever murders will be liable to judgment.'" (ESV)
This verse is part of the Sermon on the Mount, where Jesus expands on the understanding of the Law, emphasizing the essence of moral conduct beyond mere external compliance.
Insights from Public Domain Commentaries
Matthew Henry's Commentary
Matthew Henry notes that this verse underscores the significance of the sixth commandment. He emphasizes that the command against murder is profound and extends beyond the act itself, targeting the attitudes that lead to such actions. Anger, sinful thoughts, and contempt towards others are equally condemned. Thus, Jesus teaches that moral accountability starts in the heart.
Albert Barnes' Notes
Barnes highlights that the quote "You shall not murder" was originally intended to safeguard human life, reflecting the sacredness of life created in God's image. He explains that this principle remains valid and that Jesus encourages a deeper understanding of the commandment, exposing the dangers of unresolved anger. By doing so, He connects the outward actions (murder) with the internal disposition (anger), indicating that the root cause needs to be addressed for true righteousness.
Adam Clarke's Commentary
Clarke states that this command is not merely a prohibition against physical murder but also a call to cultivate peace and reconciliation. He asserts that this verse is the foundation for understanding Jesus’ teaching on interpersonal relations, stressing that anger and hatred create spiritual barriers that lead to destruction. Clarke further connects the concept of judgment not solely to earthly legal systems but to spiritual and eternal consequences before God.
Key Themes
- Heart Condition: The emphasis on internal attitudes, urging believers to reflect on their emotions and thoughts towards others.
- Moral Accountability: Aligning one's life with God's standards involves recognizing the deeper implications of His laws.
- Relationships: The call to peace and reconciliation as foundational to maintaining integrity in one’s life.
Application and Relevance
The verse holds significant relevance for personal growth and community life. It teaches believers to:
- Examine their own hearts regularly for anger or resentment.
- Seek reconciliation in relationships, understanding that harboring negative feelings can lead to destructive behaviors.
- Be mindful that every action, even those not seen, has spiritual implications and consequences.
Historical Context
In the historical context of Jesus' ministry, this teaching stood in contrast to the Pharisaical focus on the letter of the law. Jesus aimed to elevate the moral standards by shifting focus from actions alone to the intentions behind them.
Related Bible Cross References
- Exodus 20:13 - The original commandment against murder.
- 1 John 3:15 - The connection between hatred and murder.
- James 1:20 - Explaining that human anger does not produce righteousness.
Conclusion
Matthew 5:21 challenges believers to go beyond superficial adherence to the law, promoting an examination of one's inner life and motives. It encompasses the wider theme of love, forgiveness, and the perpetual need for spiritual growth. This understanding is crucial for Bible study groups and for anyone seeking to deepen their engagement with Scripture.
In studying this verse, one can gain invaluable insights and apply them to daily life, fostering healthier relationships and growing spiritually.
