Exodus 1:18 - Bible Verse Meaning and Commentary

Bible Verse: Exodus 1:18 states, "So the king of Egypt called for the midwives and said to them, 'Why have you done this thing, and saved the male children alive?'"

This verse comes at a pivotal moment in the Book of Exodus, where the Israelites, having multiplied greatly, face oppression from the Egyptian Pharaoh. Understanding this verse requires a careful examination of its historical context, character dynamics, and theological implications.

Context and Historical Background

The Israelites had become numerous in Egypt, which led Pharaoh to feel threatened. He imposed harsh labor and commanded the midwives to kill all male Hebrew infants, a decree that highlighted the deep anxiety of a ruler who felt his power was jeopardized. This passage sets the stage for the larger narrative of liberation and divine intervention that follows.

Character Analysis

The key figures in this verse are Pharaoh and the Hebrew midwives, Shiphrah and Puah. Pharaoh represents tyrannical power, willing to go to extreme measures to maintain control over the Israelites. In contrast, the midwives exhibit a profound moral courage by defying Pharaoh's orders, showcasing themes of faithfulness and the sanctity of life.

Bible Verse Interpretations

• Matthew Henry Commentary:

  Henry emphasizes the courage of the midwives, noting their fear of God (Exodus 1:17) as a motivating factor in their actions. He suggests that their actions serve as a model for believers to choose obedience to God over compliance with unjust human authority.

• Albert Barnes Commentary:

  Barnes highlights the moral implications of the midwives' actions. He argues that their disobedience to Pharaoh stemmed from a higher law—the command of God. This reflects an essential principle in Scripture: obeying God's law over human law when the two conflict.

• Adam Clarke Commentary:

  Clarke explores the text's implications, remarking on the greater plan God had for the Israelites, which necessitated the preservation of their male children. The midwives' act of defiance is seen as part of God's overarching narrative of deliverance.

Theological Themes

This verse invites readers to consider significant theological themes, such as:

• Faith versus Fear: The midwives chose faith over the fear of Pharaoh, demonstrating that true faith often requires courage in the face of societal pressure.
• Divine Sovereignty: God's hand is at work even amid oppression, suggesting that He has a plan for His people, which Pharaoh's actions could not thwart.
• Value of Life: The midwives' refusal to comply with Pharaoh's edict signifies a strong biblical emphasis on the value of life, pointing towards God's creation and intention for His people.

Application of Exodus 1:18

The significance of Exodus 1:18 extends to modern readers, urging them to recognize the importance of standing firm in faith despite external pressures. Believers can reflect on how they might respond in similar situations where obedience to God conflicts with societal expectations.

Related Bible Cross References

• Exodus 1:15-17: Provides the context of Pharaoh's orders to the midwives.
• Acts 5:29: Highlights the principle of obeying God rather than humans.
• Hebrews 11:23: Commends the faith of Moses' parents in preserving his life, echoing the theme of defiance and faithfulness to God.

Conclusion

Exodus 1:18 serves as a profound reminder of the moral choices we face in life. It challenges believers to reflect on their commitments to God's commands and the courage required in times of adversity. As one studies this verse, remember that understanding Scripture deeply can lead to significant personal insights and transformative actions.