Understanding 2 Samuel 13:5

Bible Verse: 2 Samuel 13:5 - "But Amnon had a friend, whose name was Jonadab, the son of Shimeah, David's brother: and Jonadab was a very subtile man."

This verse introduces a crucial character in the narrative of Amnon and Tamar. It highlights the beginning of a tragic sequence of events influenced by deceit and poor counsel, emphasizing the importance of friendships and the influence they wield.

Meaning and Interpretation

The verse centers on Amnon, the son of King David, and his connection to Jonadab, a cousin who plays a pivotal role in Amnon's subsequent actions against his half-sister Tamar. Let's break down the commentary insights from notable public domain sources.

Matthew Henry's Commentary

Matthew Henry observes that Amnon's friendship with Jonadab is significant because it illustrates how companionship can lead to both good and evil. Jonadab, described as "subtile," is presented not just as clever, but possessing a calculated cunning. This trait serves Amnon’s desire, leading to a series of immoral decisions rooted in lust and manipulation.

• Influence of Bad Counsel: Henry underscores the danger when individuals seek advice from those who lack moral integrity, as Jonadab ultimately guides Amnon to fulfill his forbidden desire.
• Character of Jonadab: While Jonadab’s wisdom might appear impressive, it is, in fact, poison—directing Amnon towards sin rather than righteousness.

Albert Barnes' Commentary

Albert Barnes takes note of Jonadab's role as a facilitator of Amnon's illicit desires and motives. He emphasizes that Jonadab's cunning nature reflects a deeper insight into the human heart and the susceptibility to sin.

• Subtlety as a double-edged sword: While intelligence is valuable, Barnes cautions that it can be a tool for evil when employed for manipulative or selfish ends, as Jonadab exemplifies.
• Friendship and Accountability: The commentary raises questions about accountability in friendships, reminding readers that those we associate with can significantly influence our moral choices.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Adam Clarke elucidates that the term "subtile" implies a crafty and perhaps deceitful nature, signifying that Jonadab is a schemer. He directs Amnon’s thoughts toward his obsession, showcasing the dangers of manipulation and unchecked desires.

• Amnon’s Vulnerability: Clarke indicates that Amnon’s weakness for Tamar had been escalated due to Jonadab’s advice, portraying him as an enticing yet corrupting presence.
• The Context of Royal Family Dynamics: This narrative sheds light on the complexities within David's household, illustrating themes of betrayal, unfulfilled desires, and tragic consequences.

Applications for Today

Understanding 2 Samuel 13:5 can provide valuable insights into modern life. Here are key applications derived from its lessons:

• Evaluating Friendships: Reflect on the motivational and moral character of friends. Do they lead us toward righteousness or temptation?
• Impact of Advice: Be vigilant about the counsel we accept; wise words can lead to good, while deceitful advice can yield ruin.
• Awareness of Consequences: Recognize that actions based on selfish desires, especially when spurred on by others, often lead to dire repercussions.

Cross References

This verse can be related to several others in the scripture that emphasize themes of friendship, counsel, and moral integrity:

• Proverbs 13:20: "He who walks with wise men will be wise, but the companion of fools will be destroyed."
• Proverbs 12:26: "The righteous should choose his friends carefully, for the way of the wicked leads them astray."
• James 1:14-15: "But each one is tempted when he is drawn away by his own desires and enticed. Then, when desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, brings forth death."

Conclusion

2 Samuel 13:5 serves as a cautionary tale about the nature of influence and the necessity of vigilance in our relationships and choices. Through the commentary insights from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, readers are encouraged to scrutinize their friendships and remain steadfast against the pitfalls of temptation. This verse not only offers understanding of historical contexts but also practical advice applicable to today's life challenges.