Understanding Deuteronomy 17:17

Verse: "Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away: neither shall he greatly multiply to himself silver and gold." (Deuteronomy 17:17, KJV)

Deuteronomy 17:17 provides crucial insight into the nature of kingship in Israel, emphasizing the moral and spiritual responsibilities of leaders. The verse gives a clear instruction against the multiplication of wives and wealth, pointing to the potential dangers these could bring to the king’s devotion to God and to the wellbeing of the nation.

Bible Verse Meanings and Interpretations

This verse outlines two key prohibitions for Israel’s kings. The first, regarding wives, suggests that a multiplicity of alliances through marriage could lead a king away from the worship of Yahweh towards foreign gods. The second prohibition concerns wealth, indicating that amassing riches can lead to pride and a false sense of security, diverting reliance on God's provisions.

Insights from Public Domain Commentaries

• Matthew Henry:

  Henry emphasizes that the king must not indulge in excesses that compromise spiritual integrity. He asserts that multiplying wives could stir covetousness and distraction from God’s laws, while accumulating wealth might cultivate a spirit of self-reliance. God's intention is to secure the king’s loyalty and maintain the nation’s purity in worship.

• Albert Barnes:

  Barnes notes that these instructions serve to prevent a king from "ruling by carnal means" instead of divine guidance. The prohibition against many wives was significant at the time, as kings often formed political alliances through marriage, which could lead to idolatry. Furthermore, he highlights that wealth must be used responsibly, ensuring that it does not become a source of temptation or moral downfall.

• Adam Clarke:

  Clarke provides a historical context, explaining the cultural tendencies of ancient Near Eastern kings to indulge in luxuries and excess. His commentary stresses that these practices led to instability and discord within the community. Clarke reiterates that the heart of the king should remain true to God, unaffected by the distractions of luxury or desire.

Scripture Analysis and Application

In interpreting Deuteronomy 17:17, we must consider its implications for contemporary readers. The instruction to avoid excess in marriage and wealth speaks to the broader spiritual principle of moderation and fidelity to God. This verse can be applied in various aspects of life, reminding believers to prioritize their relationship with God over worldly distractions.

Key Themes

• Spiritual Fidelity: The call to remain devoted to God amidst worldly temptations.
• Leadership Responsibility: The importance of moral character and integrity in leadership roles.
• Trust in God: Encouragement to rely on God's provision rather than the accumulation of riches.

Cross References

• 1 Kings 10:14-29: This passage illustrates the wealth amassed by King Solomon and the consequences of his many marriages.
• 1 Samuel 8:10-18: The warning given to the people of Israel about the nature of kingship and its demands.
• Proverbs 30:8-9: A prayer for moderation in wealth and lifestyle, resonating with the principles found in Deuteronomy 17:17.

Conclusion

Deuteronomy 17:17 serves as a timeless reminder of the importance of integrity, devotion, and moderation. For those engaged in Bible study, this verse offers fertile ground for Bible study insights and understanding Scripture. Its teachings are applicable not only to kingship in ancient Israel but also to all believers seeking to live a life aligned with God's desires.